中国北方三流域河流—沙漠过渡带地表沉积物化学元素空间差异分析     

李小妹  严平  吴伟  钱瑶 《沉积学报》2016,34(4):615-625

通过对克里雅河、毛布拉格孔兑以及西拉木伦河三流域的河流-沙漠过渡带地表沉积物的7种常量氧化物以及15种微量元素进行因子分析,结果显示:三个流域之间或不同河段因子分析提取的公因子均可以概括为较稳定的铁锰矿物、较不稳定的长石类和方解石（白云石）类等硅酸盐矿物以及稳定的稀土元素和重矿物等类别;河流间因子分析结果表明,自西向东三个流域沿河地表沉积物的化学元素富集与迁移程度呈递增趋势,化学风化程度增强;流域内因子分析结果表明,自上游至下游,样点化学组成均愈变复杂,不同河段或不同河岸沉积物化学元素空间分布规律与其物源、地貌格局以及水分条件等因素有关;自河床至阶地,不同地貌单元地表沉积物化学元素呈相异的递变规律,这与在距离河道远近不同,物源、动力因素的分配不同有关。  相似文献   

Use of mineral/solution equilibrium calculations to assess the potential for carnotite precipitation from groundwater in the Texas Panhandle,USA     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

This study investigated the potential for the uranium mineral carnotite (K₂(UO₂)₂(VO₄)₂·3H₂O) to precipitate from evaporating groundwater in the Texas Panhandle region of the United States. The evolution of groundwater chemistry during evaporation was modeled with the USGS geochemical code PHREEQC using water-quality data from 100 groundwater wells downloaded from the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) database. While most modeled groundwater compositions precipitated calcite upon evaporation, not all groundwater became saturated with respect to carnotite with the system open to CO₂. Thus, the formation of calcite is not a necessary condition for carnotite to form. Rather, the determining factor in achieving carnotite saturation was the evolution of groundwater chemistry during evaporation following calcite precipitation. Modeling in this study showed that if the initial major-ion groundwater composition was dominated by calcium-magnesium-sulfate (>70 precent Ca + Mg and >50 percent SO₄ + Cl) or calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate (>70 percent Ca + Mg and <70 percent HCO₃ + CO₃) and following the precipitation of calcite, the concentration of calcium was greater than the carbonate alkalinity (2mCa⁺² > mHCO₃⁻ + 2mCO₃⁻²) carnotite saturation was achieved. If, however, the initial major-ion groundwater composition is sodium-bicarbonate (varying amounts of Na, 40–100 percent Na), calcium-sodium-sulfate, or calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate composition (>70 percent HCO₃ + CO₃) and following the precipitation of calcite, the concentration of calcium was less than the carbonate alkalinity (2mCa⁺² < mHCO₃^- + 2mCO₃⁻²) carnotite saturation was not achieved. In systems open to CO_2, carnotite saturation occurred in most samples in evaporation amounts ranging from 95 percent to 99 percent with the partial pressure of CO₂ ranging from 10^−3.5 to 10^−2.5 atm. Carnotite saturation occurred in a few samples in evaporation amounts ranging from 98 percent to 99 percent with the partial pressure of CO₂ equal to 10^−2.0 atm. Carnotite saturation did not occur in any groundwater with the system closed to CO₂.  相似文献   

Review of Earth Critical Zone Research   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

An Peijun  Zhang Zhiqiang  Wang Liwei 《地球科学进展》2016,31(12):1228-1234

Since the Earth Critical Zone put forward by National Research Council of America in 2001, it has got a lot of attention and some significant progresses have been made. This paper summarized those Earth Critical Zone projects and related research plans organized and implemented by the United States of America, Germany, Australia, France, China and the European Union, as well as main scientific problems and future development direction in the study of Earth Critical Zone. According to research status of China, the four main research contents should be strengthened including structure, formation and evolution mechanism of Earth Critical Zone, the coulpling interaction mechanism between migration and transformation of material and multi-processes, sevice function and evolution features of Earth Critical Zone and its support and effect on sustainable development, model simulation of process and system of Earth Critical Zone. In addition, our country should actively conduct cooperation and communication with the advanced countries, and enhance our involvement in international key research plans.  相似文献   

遥感技术在内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗萨麦地区的找矿应用     

贺瑾瑞  陈国浒  张翊超  宋庆伟 《城市地质》2016,(4):99-105

本文以内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗萨麦地区1:5万巴彦塔拉等4幅区域地质调查范围为研究区,以ETM+影像数据为信息源,以波谱理论为基础,从遥感图像中提取蚀变信息继而进行遥感找矿实践。针对区内铁染、羟基蚀变类型使用主成分分析等方法,将研究区划分为10个异常区,结合区域构造特征情况,对异常区域开展了1:1万路线调查,综合判定后,选择了4个找矿靶区进行了化探剖面探测并进行了成果分析,结果显示遥感蚀变信息与野外调查和化探异常吻合较好。  相似文献   

The international legal framework for the management of the global oceans social-ecological system     

《Marine Policy》2016

This paper evaluates the international agreements in place for the protection of the environment and the regulation of human activities taking place in world's oceans and seas. 500 multilateral agreements were reviewed against a framework of reference, grounded on the theoretical approaches of Adaptive Management and Transition Management. According to this framework, oceans complex systems management should: (1) consider the global oceans as a Social-Ecological System (SES); (2) aim to achieve or maintain their ecological resilience; and (3) implement iterative, learning-based management strategies, supported by science-based advice to policy and management. The results show that the present international legal framework for the global oceans does not require countries to adopt an adaptive, complex systems approach for global oceans ecological resilience. Instead, this study supports the perspective of a double fragmentation among international agreements. First, global agreements focus on issue-based objectives for determined human activities, ecological components or anthropogenic pressures. Second, regional agreements have a wider scope, but also a varying level of inclusion of ecological resilience considerations. There is the need to foster the inclusion of such an approach into existing and future international agreements and their implementation, including through soft-law, project-based initiatives at global and regional scales.  相似文献   

山东曹县地区土壤地球化学特征          下载免费PDF全文

邱成贵  张桂林  王东平  张斌  毕征峰  张朋朋 《山东国土资源》2016,32(5)

山东省曹县地区土壤地球化学调查是按浅层土壤样品1点/4 km~2,深层土壤样品1点/16 km~2。测试N,P,K,Cu,Zn,B,Mo,Mn,F,As,Hg,Pb,Cr,Cd等14种指标。在统计这些指标的表层、深层土壤地球化学特征参数的基础上,对其与世界、全省同类参数的差异进行了分析,并分析了区内表层、深层土壤元素含量的相关性,认为该区表层土壤元素含量的显著特征是高F而低P,Zn,Mo。大部分元素在表层土壤中的含量继承了土壤母质的成分特征,但N,P,F,Hg等受人为活动和污染源的作用在表层土壤中明显富集。  相似文献   

华北克拉通东缘金岭杂岩体岩浆源区及构造背景:来自岩相学、岩石地球化学及年代学的证据          下载免费PDF全文

高继雷周永刚  张振飞高明波赵体群  田振环朱振宏 《地质科学》2021,56(1):253-271

金岭杂岩体由细粒黑云角闪闪长岩、中细粒黑云角闪闪长岩、中细粒黑云角闪二长闪长岩和细粒角闪二长闪长岩组成,是鲁西地区典型矽卡岩型富铁矿(金岭铁矿)控矿岩体。本次研究对细粒黑云角闪闪长岩和细粒角闪二长闪长岩进行了锆石LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb定年,其结果分别为129.2±3.2 Ma和132.8±1.2 Ma,表明该杂岩体的侵位时代为早白垩世。样品SiO2、K2O和Na2O含量分别介于54.17%~63.73%、1.92%~4.76%和3.10%~5.41%之间,K2O/Na2O为0.58~0.94,A/CNK为0.60~0.93,具有轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的右倾型稀土配分模式,轻、重稀土分馏程度中等((La/Yb)N=9.94~23.49),Eu异常不明显(δEu=0.84~1.10),具中—弱负Ce异常(δCe=0.56~0.92)。样品以富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、K、U、Pb等)、亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)以及高Sr/Y为特征。金岭杂岩体为燕山晚期岩浆活动产物,属准铝质高钾钙碱性系列,岩浆主要来源于富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,并在岩浆上升侵位的过程中有地壳物质的同化混染。燕山晚期华北克拉通在古太平洋板块俯冲后后撤引起的板内伸展环境下,增厚陆壳减薄阶段,岩浆上侵就位形成金岭杂岩体。  相似文献   

Hydro-geochemistry of groundwater and surface water in Dschang town(West Cameroon): Alkali and alkaline-earth elements ascertain lithological and anthropogenic constraints          下载免费PDF全文

Yemeli Elida Joelle  Temgoua Emile  Kengni Lucas  Ambrosi Jean-Paul  Momo-nouazi Mathieu  Silatsa-Tedou Francis Brice  Wamba Franck Robean  Tchakam-Kamtchueng Brice 《地下水科学与工程》2021,9(3):212-224

This study focuses on the sources of alkali and alkaline-earth elements based on the geochemistry of groundwater and surface water in Dschang concerning environmental and anthropogenic constraints. A comprehensive set of 50 samples from groundwater and surface water were analyzed by ICPMS and processed by spatial interpolation in a GIS environment. The results highlight a geochemical anomaly at the center of the densely inhabited area subject to a profusion of open dumps discharges. This anomaly with the highest spatial contents of Be(Cs, Rb, Mg) suggests an anthropogenic source that demarcates with the lowest alkali and alkaline-earth elements on the peripheral area of Dschang. Other findings include lithological constraints with volcanic rocks being the main source compared to granitoid.The study points out good correlations between Be, Cs, Rb and Mg spatial distributions and physicochemical parameters of waters(K, EC, TDS), and inversely with the lowest p H. p H is established as the most functioning physico-chemical constraint of alkali and alkaline-earth mobility in Dschang. The p H lowest values within the geochemical anomaly also highlight the impact of human activities on water acidity, which later enhance elements mobility and enrichment. Despite low elements contents relative to WHO standards, our findings point out an example of anthropogenic impact on water geochemistry linked to solid waste pollution; it also demonstrates significant anthropogenic changes of environmental physicochemical parameters of prime importance in the mobility and distribution of elements in the study area.Similar assessments should be extended in major towns in Cameroon.  相似文献   

应用地层放射性元素地球化学参数评价地层含铀远景     

马宗祥 《铀矿地质》1988,(5)

根据放射性元素地球化学特性和岩相建造理论,作者研究了沉积建造层位中U、Th、K的分布特征,以及它们的组分参数MA、MB同地层铀富集矿化程度的关系,通过不同矿化程度的地层中MA和MB的对比,得出4种类型矿化程度的含铀层位的MA和MB值范围,为采用放射性元素的多参数定量评价地层含铀远景提供了一定经验。  相似文献   

桐庐Ⅰ型和相山S型两类碎斑熔岩对比   总被引：15，自引：7，他引：15  

王德滋  刘昌实 《岩石学报》1993,9(1):44-54

以浙西桐庐I型和赣东北相山S型碎斑熔岩为代表,对两类不同成因的火山-侵入杂岩进行了系统对比。桐庐I型具有相对贫SiO_2(<68％)、相对富Na_2O、贫K_2O(Na_2O/K_2O>0.78)、低的Rb/Sr(<0.9)和I_(Sr)(t)值(0.7060)以及高的ε_(Nd)(t)(>-6.0)等特征,表明源区为基性变质火成岩;相山S型含岩浆结晶的富铝矿物石榴石和红柱石,具有相对富SiO_2(2>68％)、低的Na_2O/K_2O(<0.78)、高的Rb/Sr(>0.9)和I_(Sr)(t)值(>0.7100)以及低的ε_(Nd)(t)值(<-6.0)等特怔,其源区为变质沉积岩。  相似文献